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=Students are provided with opportunities to describe and reflect upon their own learning. =

Evidence
Reflection and its role in learning may not be obvious to learners. Analysis and reflection should be encouraged and practised rather than recall and information retrieval. Teaching staff should be supported in developing the skills needed to facilitate e-learning approaches that build engagement through active learning pedagogies rather than replicating passive, traditional learning environments.

Resources
As with other skills, learners may need a structure to guide this activity, especially early in their learning. They may require feedback on both the content and the process of their reflection, both ‘‘reflection-in-action’’ and ‘‘reflection-on-action.’’ Reflection offers an opportunity to consider one’s strengths and weaknesses, and to determine learning needs (Mann et al. 2009).